In German, personal pronouns change in the dative case to indicate the indirect object of a sentence – the noun that is indirectly affected by the action of the verb or the one that receives the direct object. Here are the personal pronouns in the dative case:
- Singular:
- masculine: mir (to me), dir (to you), ihm (to him)
- feminine: mir (to me), dir (to you), ihr (to her)
- neuter: mir (to me), dir (to you), ihm (to it)
- Plural:
- masculine and neuter: uns (to us), euch (to you), ihnen (to them)
- feminine: uns (to us), euch (to you), ihnen (to them)
Examples:
- Er gibt mir das Buch. (He gives me the book.)
- Sie schreibt ihm einen Brief. (She writes him a letter.)
- Ich helfe dir. (I help you.)
- Das Geschenk gehört ihr. (The gift belongs to her.)
- Gib uns Bescheid. (Give us a notification.)
- Sie erzählt ihnen eine Geschichte. (She tells them a story.)
It’s important to note that in German, the dative case is also used after prepositions like “mit” (with), “bei” (at), “nach” (after) and “zu” (to). The preposition determines the case of the pronoun that follows it.
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